Q: What is object-oriented programming?
A: Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that revolves around the concept of objects, which are instances of classes. OOP focuses on encapsulating data and behavior into objects, which can then communicate with each other through methods.
Q: What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?
A: Abstraction is the process of identifying the essential features of an object and ignoring the rest. Encapsulation is the process of hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world. Abstraction is concerned with what an object does, while encapsulation is concerned with how it does it.
Q: What is inheritance in OOP?
A: Inheritance is a mechanism in OOP that allows a class to inherit properties and methods from a parent class. The child class, or subclass, inherits all the properties and methods of the parent class, or superclass, and can also add its own properties and methods.
Q: What is polymorphism in OOP?
A: Polymorphism is the ability of objects to take on multiple forms. In OOP, polymorphism can be achieved through method overriding, where a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already defined in its parent class, or through method overloading, where a class provides multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.
Q: What is the SOLID principle in OOP?
A: The SOLID principle is a set of principles for writing high-quality, maintainable code in OOP. The five principles are Single Responsibility, Open-Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, and Dependency Inversion. Each principle focuses on a different aspect of good OOP design, such as minimizing the number of responsibilities for a class or making code more extensible.
Q: What is the difference between an interface and an abstract class?
A: An interface is a contract that specifies the methods that a class must implement, while an abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated, but can contain abstract methods as well as concrete methods. A class can implement multiple interfaces, but can only inherit from one abstract class. An interface only provides a contract for the methods that must be implemented, whereas an abstract class can provide some default implementation for the methods.
Q: What is the difference between a class and an object?
A: A class is a blueprint or template for creating objects, while an object is an instance of a class. A class defines the properties and methods that objects of that class will have, while objects are actual instances of those properties and methods with specific values and behaviors.
These are just a few examples of the many possible OOP interview questions. Remember to provide clear, concise answers that demonstrate your understanding of OOP principles and your ability to apply them to real-world scenarios.